Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to
external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high …

Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world and its global burden is expected to
continue increasing. In several types of cancers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been …

The key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation (hypoxia
inducible factor, HIF, and nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB, respectively) are evolutionarily …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the
transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and …

Abstract Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is an emerging environmental pollutant produced by
cyanobacteria that poses a threat to wild life and human health. In recent years, the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide. Tomentosin is an active compound isolated from the I. viscosa plant that has …

Ulcers are a lower-extremity complication of diabetes with high recurrence rates. Oxidative
stress has been identified as a key factor in impaired diabetic wound healing …

Anthocyanin is a type of flavonoid pigment widely present in fruits and vegetables. It can not
only be used as natural pigment, but also has a variety of health functions, for instance, anti …

All nervous system pathologies (eg, neurodegenerative/demyelinating diseases and brain
tumours) develop neuroinflammation, a beneficial process during pathological events …