Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common traumatic knee injuries causing joint
instability, quadriceps muscle weakness and impaired motor coordination. The …

The relationship between ankle joint function and throwing-related injuries has not been
demonstrated. We hypothesized that limited ankle joint range of motion (ROM) was related …

Required repetition and intensity of the windmill pitch motion are associated with many
fatigue-related pitching injuries due to the large stresses placed on ligaments, muscles, and …

Objectives Research suggests that a recent concussion increases subsequent lower
extremity injury risk; however, data in high school athletes is limited. This study evaluates the …

Background: Shoulder and elbow injuries are major problems in baseball players. Tightness
of the upper extremities has been reported as a risk factor for shoulder and elbow injuries in …

Background: Youth baseball players who experience elbow pain during the season
frequently exhibit radiographic elbow abnormalities. However, it is unknown whether …

Asymptomatic elbow abnormalities are relatively common in young baseball players, but the
factors responsible are unclear. To prospectively identify risk factors related to symptom …

Studies on the relationship between baseball loads (practice, training, and competition
hours) and shoulder and elbow injuries among high school pitchers are limited. Therefore …

Background: Baseball leagues have implemented pitch count and pitch type restrictions
based on biomechanical concepts associated with pitch type. Softball has not yet adopted …

Lower extremity injuries are the most common musculoskeletal sport injuries and are an
inevitable risk to sport participation (Chalmers, 2002; Dane et al., 2004; Kay et al., 2017) …