Background Biopsychosocial factors above and beyond pathoanatomical changes likely
contribute to the severity of chronic low back pain. A pro-nociceptive endogenous pain …

Objective To study differences in pain reports between patients with ankylosing spondylitis
(AS) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA), and to assess how pain …

Background Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is measured by comparing pain induced
by a test stimulus with pain induced by the same test stimulus, either during (parallel design) …

Objective: Altered balance in nociception in response to noxious stimuli is commonly
reported in chronic low back pain (LBP). However, it is unclear whether an improvement in …

Background Recent studies indicate that the assessment of conditioned pain modulation
(CPM) responses and emotional factors can provide important information regarding …

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often without clear underlying pathology. Affective
disturbance and dysfunctional pain mechanisms, commonly observed in populations with …

Objectives Maladaptive cognitive strategies and reduced autonomic flexibility have been
reported in chronic pain conditions. No study to date addressed the effects of maladaptive …

Background Low back pain (LBP) is the most disabling and costly health condition globally,
causing persistent pain and disability for more than ten million people in the United Kingdom …

Family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently endorsed by chronic pain patients.
Although individuals with a family history of AUD have demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to …

Background: Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal (MSK) complaint associated with
a significant impact on health and socioeconomic outcomes. Currently, there is a poor and …