Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Swelling and the progressive destruction of articular cartilage are major characteristics of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune disease that directly affects the synovial …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are two cytokines involved in the
perpetuation of the chronic inflammation state characterizing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …

Introduction: Overexpressed inflammatory cytokines are the main factors causing
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tissue damage and pathological deterioration, and lncRNAs has …

Background A dysregulated glucose metabolism in synovial fibroblasts (SF) has been
associated with their aggressive phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Even though T …

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) produce lots of inflammatory molecules that trigger
immune responses and intensification the inflammation and thereby play important roles in …

Historically, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was first described in 1800. 1 It is at present the most
frequent chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease. 2 RA prevalence ranges from 0.3% to …

Wang‐Bi capsule (WB) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula and has been applied for
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment for many years. However, its underlying molecular …

Small, noncoding sequences of ribonucleic acid called microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are
functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. As they draw increasing …

Endothelial injury, characterized by an inflammatory response and increased permeability,
is an initial stage of atherosclerosis (AS). Adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP), activated …