Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are mesenchymal-derived cells that play an important role
in the physiology of the synovium by producing certain components of the synovial fluid and …

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes or synovial fibroblasts (FLS) are important cellular components
of the inner layer of the joint capsule, referred to as the synovial membrane. They can be …

The synovial tissue is an immunologically challenging environment where, under
homeostatic conditions, highly specialized subsets of immune-regulatory macrophages and …

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects nearly 1% of the world's population, is a
debilitating autoimmune disease. Bone erosion caused by periarticular osteopenia and …

Activated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (SFs) are among the most important
cells promoting RA pathogenesis. They are considered active contributors to the initiation …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease. The pathological changes of
chondrocytes involve oxidative stress, the pro‐inflammatory response, and pro‐apoptotic …

About thirty years ago, a new form of pro-inflammatory lytic cell death was observed and
termed pyroptosis. Only in 2015, gasdermins were defined as molecules that create pores at …

Abstract IL-10-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells are well recognized for maintaining
immune tolerance. The impaired Breg cell function with decreased IL-10-producing capacity …

Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by host cells is an effective host strategy to
detect pathogenic invasion and trigger immune responses. In the context of pathogen …

Immunotherapy has reached clinical success in the last decade, with the emergence of new
and effective treatments such as checkpoint blockade therapy and CAR T-cell therapy that …