Excessive generation and accumulation of highly reactive oxidizing molecules causes
oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cellular components. Accumulating evidence …

The recognition of pathogen‐associated nucleic acid (NA) promotes effective immunity
against invading pathogens. However, endosomal Toll‐like receptor (TLR) activation by self …

As antimicrobial resistance poses an increasing threat to public health, it is urgent to
develop new antimicrobial agents. In this paper, we identify a novel 30-residue peptide (Nv …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, which is partially
mediated by dysregulated functions of glial cells. Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid normally …

TLR4 is activated by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and triggers two
proinflammatory signaling cascades: a MyD88‐dependent one in the plasma membrane …

Asthma is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, affecting over 200 million
people. A large number of drugs control asthma attacks, but there is no effective therapy …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that responds to demand in
secretory proteins by undergoing expansion. The mechanisms that control the homeostasis …

Tumor hypoxia and oxidative stress reprograms cancer stem cells (CSCs) to a highly
aggressive and inflammatory phenotypic state of tumor stemness. Previously, we …

Inflammation and hypoxia are involved in numerous cancer progressions. Reportedly, the
toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and hypoxia‐inducible …

Clinical success of Toll-Like receptor-4 (TLR-4) antagonists in sepsis therapy has thus far
been lacking. As inhibition of a receptor can only be useful if the receptor is active …