In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted the significant use of botulinum
neurotoxins (BoNTs) in the human therapy of various motor and autonomic disorders. The …

Background Our previous study indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically
involved in chronic pain. Sestrin2 (Sesn2), a novel stress-inducible protein, is evidenced to …

Stem cell therapy is an interesting approach for neural repair, once it can improve and
increase processes, like angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. In this regard …

Innate immune response acts as the first line of host defense against damage and is initiated
following the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). For double …

Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-generation platinum compound with clinical activity in multiple
solid tumors. Due to the repetition of chemotherapy cycle, OXA-induced chronic neuropathy …

Summary Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), synonymous with Reflex Sympathetic
Dystrophy, has a long history. This chapter describes the diagnostic assessment and …

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) possesses potent anti-
inflammatory effect. However, if TIPE2 ameliorates sciatic nerve injury (SNI)-induced …

Though both neuropathy and fibromyalgia are serious complications that cause widespread
pain, distinguishing between the two in order to provide adequate care is difficult. Metabolic …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits
in social communication and social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive …

Neuropathic pain is chronic pain resulting from central or peripheral nerve damage that
remains difficult to treat. Current evidence suggests that nobiletin, isolated from Citrus …