Genetically susceptible bacteria can escape the action of bactericidal antibiotics through
antibiotic tolerance or persistence. However, one major difference between the two …

The toxin and antitoxin modules in bacteria consist of a toxin molecule that has activity to
inhibit various cellular processes and its cognate antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin. This …

The increase in antibiotic non-responsive bacteria is the leading concern in current research
oriented to eliminate pathogens. Nowadays, the excess use of antibiotics without specifically …

Bacterial populations can survive exposure to antibiotics through transient phenotypic and
gene expression changes. These changes can be attributed to a small subpopulation of …

Bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to communicate with each other via secreted small
autoinducers produced by individuals. QS allows bacteria to display a unified response that …

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). Around 3–5% of
individuals infected become chronic carriers, with the gallbladder (GB) as the predominant …

Antibiotic persistence is an important mechanism that allows bacteria to survive antibiotic
stress. Persistence also contributes to the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which …

The fight against bacterial infections and innovations in antibiotic therapy has never halted
throughout human history. However, bacteria have evolved smartly and resistance against …

This work combines microbiology, molecular biology, Next-Generation Sequencing and
system biology approaches to explore the mechanism of antibiotic persistence: a multi-drug …