The earth's magnetic field plays an important role in the spectacular migrations and
navigational abilities of many higher animals, particularly birds. However, these organisms …

A magnetic compass sense has been demonstrated in all major classes of vertebrates, as
well as in many invertebrates. In mammals, controlled laboratory studies of mice have …

To adapt to and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment such as daily light–dark and
temperature cycles, internal timekeeping mechanisms called biological clocks evolved in a …

Circadian rhythms are endogenous autonomous 24‐h oscillations that are generated by a
transcription–translation feedback loop (TTFL). In the positive arm of the TTFL, two …

The requirement of vitamin A for the synthesis of the visual chromophore and the light-
sensing pigments has been studied in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. To …

In this chapter, the historical background study of the “radical pair (recombination)
mechanism (RPM)” models for quantum-assisted magnetic sensing and recent studies on …

The answer to the question “Why do we sleep?” lies in understanding the biological
underpinnings of homeostatic drive to sleep. Wakefulness is correlated with numerous …

People live in an environment where there is always electromagnetic radiation from natural
sources. Natural sources include the sun which produces radiation in the range from visible …

The requirement of vitamin A for the synthesis of the visual chromophore and the
lightsensing pigments has been studied in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. To …