Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

Immune dysregulation is an important component of the pathophysiology of COVID-19. A
large body of literature has reported the effect of immune-based therapies in patients with …

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a pivotal role in regulating
the innate immune system and inflammatory signaling. Upon activation by PAMPs and …

A hyperinflammatory response during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection crucially worsens clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 …

Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to activate and mature proinflammatory
cytokines in the body. Cytokine markers are a group of polypeptide signalling molecules that …

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens;
however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is …

The poor outcome of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is
associated with systemic hyperinflammatory response and immunopathology. Although …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests a beneficial effective of tumour necrosis factor‐
alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors on the outcomes of COVID‐19 disease, which, however is not …

Despite the progressing knowledge in COVID-19 management, remdesivir is the only agent
that got approval to inhibit viral replication. However, there are limited data about effective …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces mild or
asymptomatic COVID-19 in most cases, but some patients develop an excessive …