Large-scale mapping studies have identified 236 independent genetic variants associated
with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis. However, none of these variants are found …

Purpose of review This article reviews the genetics of multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as intra-
familial concordance and clinical correlations between different members of a family …

Limited studies have been conducted to identify and validate multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic
loci associated with disability progression. We aimed to identify MS genetic loci associated …

Background: Age at onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an objective, influential predictor of
the evolution of MS independent of disease duration. Objectives: Determine the influence of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that
results in significant neurodegeneration in the majority of those affected and is a common …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in adults. Heterogeneity
in MS clinical presentation has posed a major challenge for identifying genetic variants …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease believed to be caused by
autoimmune pathogenesis. The aetiology is likely explained by a complex interplay between …

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) is the only method available to
measure small-molecule metabolites in living human tissue, including the brain, without …

Backgrounds: Environmental factors such as bacterial infections, as well as genetic factors—
in particular the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles—have been implicated in the …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, autoimmune disease characterized by the
irreversible accrual of neurological disability over time. Several factors influencing risk …