Maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is crucial for the homeostasis of the central
nervous system. Structurally comprising the BBB, brain endothelial cells interact with …

Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

Immunological mechanisms have come into the focus of current translational stroke
research, and the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways has been identified as a …

Inflammation and immune mechanisms are crucially involved in the pathophysiology of the
development, acute damage cascades, and chronic course after ischemic stroke …

Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as
tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector …

Ischemic stroke caused by intracranial vascular occlusion has become increasingly
prevalent with considerable mortality and disability, which gravely burdens the global …

CNS border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are a small population of specialised
macrophages localised in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces. Until …

Background The immune system plays a vital role in the pathological process of ischaemic
stroke. However, the exact immune-related mechanism remains unclear. The current …

The interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) holds pivotal roles in the immune system, as it is
positioned at the “epicenter” of the inflammatory signaling networks. Increased levels of the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation
and the destruction of joints and systemic organs. RA is commonly accompanied by …