Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface
of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor …

Immunotherapy remains to be an appealing treatment option for prostate cancer with some
documented promise. Prostate cancer is traditionally considered as an immunologically …

Background Patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma who undergo surgery alone are at a
substantial risk for disease recurrence. Adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved …

Background In the previously reported primary analyses of this phase 3 trial, 12 months of
adjuvant pembrolizumab resulted in significantly longer recurrence-and distant metastasis …

Preclinical studies show that locoregional CTLA-4 blockade is equally effective in inducing
tumor eradication as systemic delivery, without the added risk of immune-related side …

Importance Melanoma accounts for most of the deaths due to skin cancer. In the past
decade, effective US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved therapies for …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies
significantly enhances survival in metastatic melanoma patients and has recently been …

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may induce persistent immune-
related adverse events (irAEs). We investigated persistent irAEs and implications on …

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant tumor in the musculoskeletal system,
mainly occurs in adolescents. OS results in high mortality and disability rates due to a fatal …

Background Many patients with low-stage cutaneous melanoma will experience tumor
recurrence, metastasis, or death, and many higher staged patients will not. Objective To …