Background: The frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as wildfires are
expected to increase due to climate change. Childbearing women, that is, women who are …

Recent research argues that discriminatory practices unduly inflated female excess mortality
during infancy and childhood in historical Europe. This article reviews the existing evidence …

Background: Prior studies have examined the association between fine particulate matter
[PM≤ 2.5 μ m in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5)] and fetal growth with either limited spatial …

Background Prenatal exposure to per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and
psychosocial stressors has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including …

The ratio of boys to girls (sex ratio) at birth (SRB) is about 1.01–1.05 in most populations and
is influenced by various factors, such as maternal stress, maternal inflammation, and …

The book grew out of an upper-undergraduate class, Economics of War and Terror (later
titled Economics of War, Terror and Conflict), that I taught at the University of Illinois at …

Background: Left unabated, rising temperatures pose an escalating threat to human health.
The potential effects of hot temperatures on fetal health have been under-explored. Here, we …

Objectives Exposure to natural disasters during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth
outcomes and increased probability of female births. Nonetheless, relatively little work has …

Structural racism is defined as “... the macrolevel systems, social forces, institutions,
ideologies, and processes that interact with one another to generate and reinforce inequities …

The literature indicates that stress applied periconceptually or in early pregnancy culls
males. The ultimate cause has been proposed to be the Trivers-Willard hypothesis which …