TLR4, a transmembrane receptor, plays a central role in the innate immune response. TLR4
not only engages with exogenous ligands at the cellular membrane's surface but also …

Heavy metals are defined as metals with relatively high density and atomic weight, and their
various applications have raised serious concerns about the environmental impacts and …

Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory illness. It
arises from emphysema and chronic bronchitis and is characterized by progressive and …

In recent decades, research has identified the key cellular processes that take place during
atherosclerotic plaque development and progression, including endothelial dysfunction …

1. ADIPOSE TISSUE 10 1.1 Physiology of adipose tissue 10 1.2 Adipogenesis 10 1.3
Signalling pathways involved in the regulation of adipogenesis 12 1.4. Adipogenic induction …