Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years,
mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer …

Mitophagy is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial quality. However, its assessment in vivo is
challenging. The endosomal–lysosomal system is a more accessible pathway through …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as cell-to-cell and inter-organ communicators by
conveying proteins and nucleic acids with regulatory functions. Emerging evidence shows …

Gram‐negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and contain bacterial
cargo including nucleic acids and proteins. The proteome of OMVs can be altered by various …

The gut is a fundamental organ in controlling human health. Recently, researches showed
that substances in the intestine can alter the course of many diseases through the intestinal …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are 20-to 200-nm secreted packages of lipids,
small molecules, and proteins that contribute to diverse bacterial processes. In plant …

Vesiculation is a process employed by Gram-negative bacteria to release extracellular
vesicles (EVs) into the environment. EVs from pathogenic bacteria play functions in host …

Environmental concentrations of antibiotics, usually below MIC, have significant biological
effects on bacterial cells. Sub-MIC antibiotics exposure induces bacteria to produce outer …

This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating the interaction
between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse …

The role of gut microbiota and its products in human health and disease is profoundly
investigated. The communication between gut microbiota and the host involves a …