Matrix stiffness is a mechanical characteristic of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that increases
from the tumor core to the tumor periphery in a gradient pattern in a variety of solid tumors …

Immunotherapy involves the therapeutic alteration of the patient's immune system to identify,
target, and eliminate cancer cells. Dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived …

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are aggressive tumors arising along the biliary tract
epithelium, whose incidence and mortality are increasing. CCAs are highly desmoplastic …

Chemoresistance originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a major cause of cancer
treatment failure and highlights the need to develop CSC-targeting therapies. Although …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the core factors leading to recurrence, insensitivity to
radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and immunotherapy resistance in patients with colorectal …

Antibiotics inhibit breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis.
However, the effectiveness of antibiotics in clinical settings is inconsistent. This …

Cancer is a multifactorial, complex disease exhibiting extraordinary phenotypic plasticity and
diversity. One of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment is intratumoral heterogeneity …

Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancers of the urinary tract, associated with high
recurrence rates and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer …

Abstract Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) serves a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC). FOXD1
expression is an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC; however, the …

ABSTRACT A promising personal immunotherapy is autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded
ex vivo with autologous tumor antigens (ATA) derived from self-renewing autologous cancer …