Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Arctic‐boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in
ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in …

Abstract Purpose of Review While previously thought to be negligible, carbon emissions
during the non-growing season (NGS) can be a substantial part of the annual carbon budget …

Permafrost degradation profoundly affects carbon storage in alpine ecosystems, and the
response characteristics of carbon sequestration are likely to differ at the different stages of …

Much of drylands has been hit by land degradation during the recent decades. But whether
and how desertification is related to climate change is poorly understood. Here, using the …

Although many studies have found that global warming has caused permafrost to thaw, we
still lack understanding of the mechanism relating permafrost thawing and ecosystem …

Permafrost degradation is altering biogeochemical processes throughout the Arctic. Thaw‐
induced changes in organic matter transformations and mineral weathering reactions are …

Climate warming increases carbon assimilation by plant growth and also accelerates
permafrost CO2 emissions; however, the overall ecosystem CO2 balance in permafrost …

Permafrost thaw reinforces greenhouse gas production. The resulting growth of greenhouse
gases (especially methane) in the atmosphere may trigger a climate system bifurcation. To …

Contrary to the general “greening of the Arctic”, the Siberian Indigirka Lowlands show strong
“browning”(a decrease in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index or “NDVI”) in various …