T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

Background With increasing knowledge about the gut–bone axis, more studies for
treatments based on the regulation of postmenopausal osteoporosis by gut microbes are …

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and well-being
of the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that the GM may significantly influence bone …

IL-17A (IL-17), a driver of the inflammatory phase of fracture repair, is produced locally by
several cell lineages including γδ T cells and Th17 cells. However, the origin of these T cells …

The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune
system are attracting more attention, which is developing into the field of Osteoimmunology …

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide and
resulting in significant economic costs. The condition is characterized by changes in bone …

Purpose: Tooth extraction is a last resort treatment for resolving pathological complications
of dentition induced by infection and injury. Although the extraction wound generally heals …

Osteoporosis is a systemic multifactorial bone disease characterized by low bone quality
and density and bone microstructure damage, increasing bone fragility and fracture …

T cells are critical players in adaptive immunity, driving the tissue injury and organ damage
of patients with autoimmune diseases. Consequently, investigations on T cell activation …