The lungs are an immunologically unique environment; they are exposed to innumerable
pathogens and particulate matter daily. Appropriate clearance of pathogens and response to …

Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively)
were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of …

Artificial cilia integrating both actuation and sensing functions allow simultaneously sensing
environmental properties and manipulating fluids in situ, which are promising for …

Many animal and plant species synthesize toxic compounds as deterrent; thus, detection of
these compounds is of vital importance to avoid their ingestion. Often, such compounds are …

Beside the oral cavity, bitter taste receptors are expressed in several non-gustatory tissues.
Whether extra-oral bitter taste receptors function as sensors for endogenous agonists is …

Introduction Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors identified on the
tongue but expressed all over the body, including in airway cilia and macrophages, where …

The pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) can invade the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cause meningitis with devastating consequences. Whether …

During recent years chemosensory cells in extraoral tissues have been established as
mediators for the detection and regulation of innate immune processes in response to …

Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface with motility or
sensory functions. Primary cilia work as antennae to sense and transduce extracellular …

Cilia play important roles in fluid transport and development by propagating metachronal
waves along cell surfaces. This study numerically investigates the biomechanics of cilia …