Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation.
Inflammation is one common and effective physiological event that protects against various …

As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts
(CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling …

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a dimeric transcription factor constituted by two of five protein
family members. It plays an essential role in inflammation and immunity by regulating the …

Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1) caused by
autosomal recessive AIRE deficiency produce autoantibodies that neutralize type I …

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic immune cytokine that belongs to the
TNF superfamily of receptor ligands. The cytokine exists as either a transmembrane or a …

Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D),
are now a widespread pandemic in the developed world. These pathologies show sex …

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways progress inflammation and immune cell
differentiation in the host immune response; however, the uncontrollable stimulation of NF …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of tumor immune
microenvironment and play a dual role in promoting tumor growth and anti-tumor immunity …

Polyphenols, also known as phenolic compounds, are chemical substances containing
aromatic rings as well as at least two hydroxyl groups. Natural phenolic compounds exist …

Hypoxia is caused by a cancer-promoting milieu characterized by persistent inflammation.
NF-κB and HIF-1α are critical participants in this transition. Tumor development and …