Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in particular H2O2, serve as essential second
messengers at low concentrations. However, excessive ROS accumulation leads to severe …

From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell
defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L …

Plants have evolved a two-layer immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)
and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that is activated in response to pathogen invasion …

The β-cyclocitric acid (β-CCA) is a bioactive apocarotenoid previously shown to improve
drought tolerance in annual plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this …

In cereal crops, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the ability to appropriately respond to
environmental cues is an important factor for yield stability and thus for agricultural …

Plant-derived smoke has been shown to promote plant growth and seed germination, but its
roles and mechanisms in response to nutrient deficiency stress remain unclear. Plants …

Coal ash deposited in open landfills is a potential source of environmental pollutants due to
the contained toxic element content. The weathered coal ash used in this study additionally …

Biostimulants' application to plants can reduce the damage caused by abiotic factors such
as drought or salinity and improve crop yield under these stressful conditions. In this work …

Cadmium pollution in Moso bamboo forests poses a potential threat to the sustainable
development of the bamboo industry. However, the effects of cadmium toxicity on Moso …

Abstract Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are large and multifunctional
proteases that play an important role in detoxification, protection against biotic and abiotic …