Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Studying the human immune system is challenging. These challenges stem from the
complexity of the immune system itself, the heterogeneity of the immune system between …

Immune-targeted therapies have efficacy for treatment of autoinflammatory diseases. For
example, treatment with the T cell–specific anti-CD3 antibody teplizumab delayed disease …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by inflammatory cell
infiltration that damages cartilage, disrupts bone, and impairs joint function. The therapeutic …

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with self-renewal
and multi-directional differentiation potential and possess the functions of …

The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induces the overexpression of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines in residential macrophages, further …

Glaucoma, one of the most common ocular neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, is
characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. There is a large body of literature that …

Introduction/objectives Several biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
(bDMARDs) have been widely used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These …

Introduction In pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary arterial remodeling is often
accompanied by perivascular inflammation. The inflammation is characterized by the …

Over the past two decades biologic therapies have seen a rapid uptake in the management
of ocular inflammation. Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK), once a harbinger of blindness …