Earth's origins are challenging to elucidate, given the lack of surviving terrestrial geology
from the first 500 Myr of the Solar System. In this Review, we discuss breakthroughs in …

Earth's water, intrinsic oxidation state and metal core density are fundamental chemical
features of our planet. Studies of exoplanets provide a useful context for elucidating the …

Rocky planet compositions regulate planetary evolution by affecting core sizes, mantle
properties, and melting behaviors. Yet, quantitative treatments of this aspect of exoplanet …

The high-pressure melting curve of FeO controls key aspects of Earth's deep interior and the
evolution of rocky planets more broadly. However, existing melting studies on wüstite were …

Initial analyses showed that asteroid Ryugu's composition is close to CI (Ivuna-like)
carbonaceous chondrites (CCs)–the chemically most primitive meteorites, characterized by …

We present a series of papers dedicated to modelling the accretion and differentiation of
rocky planets that form by pebble accretion within the lifetime of the protoplanetary disc. In …

Rock fragments of the Cb-type asteroid Ryugu returned to Earth by the JAXA Hayabusa2
mission share mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic properties with the Ivuna-type (CI) …

The Earth's surface heat flux is 46±3 TW (terawatts, 10 12 watts). Although many assume we
know the Earth's abundance and distributio n of radioactive HPEs (ie, U, Th, and K) …

Crystallization of deep magma oceans would have created the chemical heterogeneity of
the Earth's mantle. Previous geophysical studies have suggested a possible existence of the …

The stable potassium isotopic ratios (41 K/39 K) of Earth and Mars have been interpreted to
reflect either nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies or volatility-driven K depletion. Chondrites …