Studies on the role of interleukins (ILs) in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases allow for
the better understanding of pathologic mechanisms of disease and reshaping of treatment …

Both B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40 signaling are rewired in germinal center (GC) B cells
(GCBCs) to synergistically induce c-MYC and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) …

IL-4 has long been established as a key regulator of Th cells and for promoting effective B
cell survival and isotype class switching. Yet, despite having been extensively studied, the …

Germinal center (GC) dysregulation has been widely reported in the context of
autoimmunity. Here, we show that interleukin 21 (IL-21), the archetypal follicular helper T …

Background Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of several
immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs) including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis …

The terminal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells is central to the generation of
protective, long-lived humoral immune responses. In mammals, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been …

Background: B cells are pivotal in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune disease
pathogenesis. Materials & methods: To address this, Nile Red-labeled polylactic acid …

B cells play a crucial role in antigen presentation, antibody production and pro-/anti-
inflammatory cytokine secretion in adaptive immunity. Several translational factors including …

Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease
characterized by muscle weakness. The AChR+ autoantibodies are produced by B-cells …

B cells require intact B cell receptor (BCR) signalling for their survival and activation.
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a crucial part of the signalling pathway and has been …