Abstract Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the past few decades has been widely studied
due to the substantial depletion of the stratospheric ozone (O 3) layer, causing …

Plants, being sessile in nature, are inept to escape biotic stress that adversely impact their
growth, development, and productivity. Rather, plants employ a variety of processes at the …

Not only leaves but also other plant organs and structures typically considered as carbon
sinks, including stems, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds, may exhibit photosynthetic activity …

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are common specialized metabolites and particularly abundant in
trees and woody plants. In poplar (Populus spp.), PA biosynthesis is stress-induced and …

Laticifers are hypothesized to mediate both plant–herbivore and plant–microbe interactions.
However, there is little evidence for this dual function. We investigated whether the major …

Abstract The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident in 1986 resulted in
extremely high levels of acute ionising radiation, that killed or damaged Scots pine (Pinus …

Introduction Heavy metals can affect the content of secondary metabolites in plants, which
are one of the important defenses of plants against herbivores. However, studies on the …

Insect pests pose a major threat to agricultural production, resulting in significant economic
losses for countries. A high infestation of insects in any given area can severely reduce crop …

Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is becoming an invasive pest
globally, and it causes significant yield losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) …

Four tannin samples extracted from chestnut wood (tannin oenologique, TO), grape (tannin
VR grape, TVG), oak gall (tannin galalcool, TG), and oak tree (tannin VR supra elegance …