The immune system of multicellular organisms protects them from harmful microbes. To
establish an infection in the face of host immune responses, pathogens must evolve specific …

Simple Summary Although there was a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality due to
plague-related infections throughout the 20th century, these have not been eradicated. The …

Since its first identification in 1894 during the third pandemic in Hong Kong, there has been
significant progress of understanding the lifestyle of Yersinia pestis, the pathogen that is …

Abstract The Arcobacteraceae family groups Gram-negative bacterial species previously
included in the family Campylobacteraceae. These species of which some are considered …

Polymyxin resistance is conferred by MCR‐1 (mobile colistin resistance 1)‐induced
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification of G− bacteria. However, the peptide MSI‐1 exerts …

Yersinia are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to
inject Yersinia outer proteins into the host cytosol to subvert essential components of innate …

Fortifying our preparedness to cope with biological threats by identifying and targeting
virulence factors may be a preventative strategy for curtailing infectious disease outbreak …

Yersinia are gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that use a type three secretion system (T3SS)
to inject Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into the host cytosol in order to subvert essential …

Ail confers serum resistance in humans and is a critical virulence factor of Y. pestis, the
causative agent of plague. Here, the contribution of Ail for Y. pestis survival in the flea vector …

Endotoxins are insoluble parts of the bacterial cells able to evoke a typical clinical picture
characterizing bacterial infection. Usually, Gram-negative bacteria are a major part of the gut …