Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants and the
leading cause of death and disability from gastrointestinal disease in this vulnerable …

High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been used as a respiratory support mode for neonates
for over 30 years. HFV is characterized by delivering tidal volumes close to or less than the …

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) care pathways evolve slowly as new evidence
emerges. We report the sixth version of “European Guidelines for the Management of RDS” …

Rationale: Bedside biomarkers that allow early identification of infants with
bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) are critically …

Rationale: Immature control of breathing is associated with apnea, periodic breathing,
intermittent hypoxemia, and bradycardia in extremely preterm infants. However, it is not clear …

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide, is
strongly associated with gestational age and weight at birth. Yet, many extremely preterm …

In the age of surfactant and antenatal steroids, neonatal care has improved outcomes of
preterm infants dramatically. Since the early 2000's neonatologists have strived to decrease …

Most of the cumulative nutritional deficits in preterm infants occur in the first 2 weeks after
birth. Limited enteral nutrition during the first 2 weeks is one of the critical barriers to solving …

Male sex has been identified as a risk factor associated with mortality in preterm neonates. 1-
4 Even though male preterm neonates have shown faster declines in mortality, respiratory …

Purpose Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable childhood
blindness worldwide. Although interventions such as anti-VEGF and laser have high …