The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in
bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate …

Enhancers are genomic DNA elements controlling spatiotemporal gene expression. Their
flexible organization and functional redundancies make deciphering their sequence-function …

Transgenesis is an essential technique for any genetic model. Tol2-based transgenesis
paired with Gateway-compatible vector collections has transformed zebrafish transgenesis …

It is impractical to develop a new parts collection for every potential host organism. It is well-
established that gene expression parts, like genes, are qualitatively transferable, but there is …

The genetic bases underlying the evolution of morphological and functional innovations of
the mammalian inner ear are poorly understood. Gene regulatory regions are thought to …

Enhancers are genetically encoded elements that are critical for controlling gene
expression. Despite the importance of enhancers in development, normal biological …

The information about when and where each gene is to be expressed is mainly encoded in
the DNA sequence of enhancers, sequence elements that comprise binding sites (motifs) for …

The gas exchange function of the avian respiratory system is explained. The following
important structural—and functional aspects are presented: the mechanisms of airflow …

Metabolic engineering requires precise control over expression strength, which can be
effectively accomplished through engineering of the promoter element. In this regard, there …

Bacteria have evolved to thrive in an astonishing range of conditions, to produce chemicals
and materials useful to humans, and to sense and respond to changes in their environment …