Kefir consists of a large number of probiotics, which can regulate or shape the balance of
intestinal microbiota, and enhance the host's immune response. Kefir microbiota can shape …

The polioviruses (PVs) are mainly transmitted by direct contact with an infected person
through the fecal-oral route and respiratory secretions (or more rarely via contaminated …

The oral and nasal cavities serve as critical gateways for infectious pathogens, with
microorganisms primarily gaining entry through these routes. Our first line of defense against …

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen of hospital-acquired infections causing acute
pneumonia, which is characterized by drug resistance, virulence and mortality, and for which …

Continued investment in the development and application of mathematical models of
poliovirus transmission, economics, and risks leads to their use in support of polio endgame …

Virus-associated infectious diseases are highly detrimental to human health and animal
husbandry. Among all countermeasures against infectious diseases, prophylactic vaccines …

Abstract Background Although polioviruses (PVs) replicate in lymphoid tissue of both the
pharynx and ileum, research on polio vaccine-induced mucosal immunity has predominantly …

In February 2023, a meeting about correlates of protection (CoPs) against COVID-19 was
organized by the International Alliance for Biological Standardization, the European Plotkin …

This study assesses poliovirus type 1 (PV1) immunity in children to inform the contribution of
mucosal immunity in and prevention of poliovirus circulation. A community-based study was …

The human norovirus (HuNov) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE)
worldwide. Mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) in the gastrointestinal tract interrupts the interaction …