The complexity of cardiac electrophysiology, involving dynamic changes in numerous
components across multiple spatial (from ion channel to organ) and temporal (from …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and therefore pose a
significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology plays a crucial role in the …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia treatable with
antiarrhythmic drugs; however, patient responses remain highly variable. Human induced …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a continually growing health-care burden that often presents together
with metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Current treatments often …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an
increased morbidity and mortality. There is clinical evidence that an increasing number of …

In atrial fibrillation (AF), multifactorial pathologic atrial alterations are manifested by structural
and electrophysiological changes known as atrial remodeling. AF frequently develops in the …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is sustained by
spontaneous focal excitations and re‐entry. Spontaneous electrical firing in the pulmonary …

Cardiac arrhythmias commonly occur as a result of aberrant electrical impulse formation or
conduction in the myocardium. Frequently discussed triggers include underlying heart …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder, often occurring in the
setting of atrial distension 4and elevated myocardial stretch. While various mechano …

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology.
Parasympathetic hyperactivity result in a shortening of the action potential duration, a …