Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide but early diagnosis,
management or screening and treatment of cancer can significantly improve the survival rate …

Traditional optical waveguides or mediums are often silica-based materials, but their
applications in biomedicine and healthcare are limited due to the poor biocompatibility and …

Computational spectrometry is an emerging field that uses photodetection in conjunction
with numerical algorithms for spectroscopic measurements. Compact single photodetectors …

Brain disorders, encompassing a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric conditions,
present a formidable challenge in modern medicine. Despite decades of research, the …

The last decade has seen a large growth in fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) imaging
and interventions. With the increasing number of clinical specialties implementing FGS, the …

Bioimaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II; 950–1700 nm) window, employing InGaAs-
based cameras, exhibits superior clarity and resolution in visualizing shallow structures (< 3 …

The review begins with an overview of the fundamental principles/physics underlying light,
fluorescence, and other light-matter interactions in biological tissues. It then focuses on 5 …

In the second near-infrared window (NIR-II), biological tissues exhibit lower light scattering
and allow for deeper tissue penetration of photons. In the Nd-Yb-Er co-doped NIR-II …

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) belong to a class of 2D nanomaterials having metallic
ions of varying valences and interlayer spacing as in brucite. Since their discovery, they are …

Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) is emerging as a powerful imaging technique
with superior penetration power in scattering media, allowing for functional imaging of …