Declining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are thought to
minimize activity to conserve energy. Here, we measure the daily energy expenditure (DEE) …

Preclinical models (typically the ovariectomized rat and genetically altered mice) have
underpinned much of what we know about skeletal biology. They have been pivotal for …

Wild ungulates are increasing in several regions of the world, recolonizing the empty niche
left by previous livestock systems. Due to their important role as ecosystem engineers, wild …

A central prediction of evolutionary theory is that energy invested into reproduction comes at
the expense of somatic maintenance and repair, accelerating biological aging. Supporting …

Theories of ageing predict that investment in reproduction will trade-off against survival and
later-life reproduction. Recent evidence from invertebrates suggests that just perceiving …

Objectives Raising offspring imposes energetic costs, especially for female mammals.
Consequently, seasons favoring high energy intake and sustained positive energy balance …

Respirometry provides a direct measure of an organism's O 2 consumption rate (VO 2),
which is a significant component of its metabolic rate (energy expenditure). Amongst ants …

Reproduction includes two energy investments—the energy in the offspring and the energy
expended to make them. The former is well understood, whereas the latter is unquantified …

Annual variations in animal's physiological functions are an essential strategy to deal with
seasonal challenges which also vary according to the time of year. Information regarding …

Unravelling the intricate mechanisms that govern community coexistence remains a
daunting challenge, particularly amidst ongoing environmental change. Individual …