Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) signaling consists of three steps:(1) initiation of a change in
cellular Ca 2+ concentration in response to a stimulus,(2) recognition of the change through …

Over the past three decades, significant progress has been made in the field of resistance
(R) gene cloning. Advances in recombinant DNA technology, genome sequencing …

Plant diseases are a constant and serious threat to agriculture and ecological biodiversity.
Plants possess a sophisticated innate immunity system capable of detecting and responding …

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside
plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors …

Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating
novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat of plant pathogens to …

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) proteins can
form complex receptor networks to confer innate immunity. An NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL …

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins have a pivotal role in plant immunity
by recognizing pathogen effectors1, 2. Maintaining a balanced immune response is crucial …

Plant intracellular immune receptors, primarily nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat
proteins (NLRs), detect pathogen effector proteins and activate NLR‐triggered immunity …

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a prominent class of
intracellular immune receptors in plants. However, our understanding of plant NLR structure …

Plant genome sequences catalogue genes and the genetic elements that regulate their
expression. Such inventories further research aims as diverse as mapping the molecular …