An increasing number of harmful environmental factors are causing serious impacts on
human health, and there is an urgent need to accurately identify the toxic effects and …

Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models
that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and …

Brain organoids are 3D in vitro culture systems derived from human pluripotent stem cells
that self‐organize to model features of the (developing) human brain. This review examines …

Human organoid models potentially offer a physiologically relevant platform to replace
traditional monolayer cultures and animal models. In particular, the rapid development of …

Human organoids-on-chips (OrgOCs) are the synergism of human organoids (HOs)
technology and microfluidic organs-on-chips (OOCs). OOCs can mimic extrinsic …

The complex structure and function of the human central nervous system that develops from
the neural tube made in vitro modeling quite challenging until the discovery of brain …

Human brain organoids produce anatomically relevant cellular structures and recapitulate
key aspects of in vivo brain function, which holds great potential to model neurological …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing
a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging …

Developing diagnostics and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is
challenging due to multifactorial pathogenesis that progresses gradually. Advanced in vitro …

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids have potential to
recapitulate the earliest stages of brain development, serving as an effective in vitro model …