Neural circuits govern the interface between the external environment, internal cues and
outwardly directed behaviours. To process multiple environmental stimuli and integrate …

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are ancient retroviral remnants integrated in host
genomes, and commonly deleted through unequal homologous recombination, leaving …

Vocal rhythm plays a fundamental role in sexual selection and species recognition in birds,
but little is known of its genetic basis due to the confounding effect of vocal learning in model …

Vocal production learning (“vocal learning”) is a convergently evolved trait in vertebrates. To
identify brain genomic elements associated with mammalian vocal learning, we integrated …

Species-specific neural inflammation can be induced by profound immune signalling from
periphery to brain. Recent advances in transcriptomics offer cost-effective approaches to …

The pioneer cortical electrical stimulation studies of the last century did not explicitly mark
the location of the human laryngeal motor cortex (LMC), but only the “vocalization area” in …

Juvenile male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) must be exposed to an adult tutor during
a sensitive period to develop normal adult song. The pre-motor nucleus HVC (acronym used …

The house wren shows complex song, and the rufous-tailed hummingbird has a simple
song. The location of vocal brain areas supports the song's complexity; however, these still …

The development of individuality during learned behavior is a common trait observed across
animal species; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understood. Similar …

In animal communication, functionally referential alarm calls elicit the same behavioral
responses as their referents, despite their typically distinct bioacoustic traits. Yet the auditory …