Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) has emerged as yet another important signaling
lysophospholipid in mammals, and deregulation in its metabolism has been directly linked to …

This mini-review presents emerging evidence that endogenous neurosteroids modulate
both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling by immune cells and brain cells that contribute to …

Mosquitoes transmit many disease-relevant flaviviruses. Efficient viral transmission to
mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary …

Objectives: Identify the treatment indications for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine.
Determine the mechanisms of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Identify the …

The biological activity of plant polysaccharides can be enhanced by sulfated modification. In
this study, the immunomodulatory effect of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides …

Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and
psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have become a focus in biomedicine and biomedical research
given the roles of this unique family of innate immune proteins in immune activation …

Newborns, whether born prematurely or at term, have a fully formed but naive immune
system that must adapt to the extra-uterine environment to prevent infections. Maternal …

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonists are immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvants. A systematic
structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of TLR7-active 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1 H-imidazo [4, 5 …

Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery
methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages …