Maltreatment-related childhood adversity is the leading preventable risk factor for mental
illness and substance abuse. Although the association between maltreatment and …

Background Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of
psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood …

Presented here is an overview of the pathway from early nutrient deficiency to long-term
brain function, cognition, and productivity, focusing on research from low-and middle-income …

The human brain requires a wide variety of experiences and environmental inputs in order
to develop normally. Children who are neglected by caregivers or raised in institutional …

Despite the importance of myelin for the rapid conduction of action potentials, the molecular
bases of oligodendrocyte differentiation and central nervous system (CNS) myelination are …

Early severe stress and maltreatment produces a cascade of neurobiological events that
have the potential to cause enduring changes in brain development. These changes occur …

White matter is the brain region underlying the gray matter cortex, composed of neuronal
fibers coated with electrical insulation called myelin. Previously of interest in demyelinating …

After questioning the practical significance of evidence that parenting influences brain
development–while highlighting the scientific importance of such work for understanding …

The provision of environmental enrichment (EE) for laboratory rats is recommended in
European guidelines governing laboratory animal welfare. It is believed the EE …

Working memory is the limited capacity storage system involved in the maintenance and
manipulation of information over short periods of time. Individual capacity of working …