The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in pregnancy is rising and this represents a
significant challenge for the management of pregnancy and delivery. Women who have a …

Background: A considerable body of evidence accumulated especially during the last
decade, demonstrating that early nutrition and lifestyle have long-term effects on later health …

Objective To assess the separate and combined associations of maternal pre‐pregnancy
body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with the risks of pregnancy …

Background Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain may have persistent
effects on offspring fat development. However, it remains unclear whether these effects differ …

Importance Both low and high gestational weight gain have been associated with adverse
maternal and infant outcomes, but optimal gestational weight gain remains uncertain and …

Energy intake requirements in pregnancy match the demands of resting metabolism,
physical activity, and tissue growth. Energy balance in pregnancy is, therefore, defined as …

Early life is an important window of opportunity to improve health across the full lifecycle. An
accumulating body of evidence suggests that exposure to adverse stressors during early life …

Background Fetal smoke exposure is a common and key avoidable risk factor for birth
complications and seems to influence later risk of overweight. It is unclear whether this …

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse health
consequences for women and their offspring. It is associated with maternal body mass index …

Background Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured in the first trimester
are both used to estimate pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain …