Inotropes and vasopressors are biologically and clinically important compounds that
originate from different pharmacological groups and act at some of the most fundamental …

The gut is a neurological organ, which implies that many neuroactive drugs such as opioid
analgesics can seriously disturb gastrointestinal function, because many of the transmitters …

Summary Background & aims Chronic Intestinal Failure (CIF) is the long-lasting reduction of
gut function, below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water …

Background & aims In 2016, ESPEN published the guideline for Chronic Intestinal Failure
(CIF) in adults. An updated version of ESPEN guidelines on CIF due to benign disease in …

Early-life adverse experiences, including prenatal stress (PNS), are associated with a higher
prevalence of neurodevelopmental, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in affected …

β3-Adrenoceptors (β3-ARs) are located not only on the plasma membrane of both white and
brown adipocytes, but also exist in human heart, gall bladder, gastrointestinal tract, prostate …

Background Migraine is a complex, multifaceted, and disabling headache disease that is
often complicated by gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, such as gastroparesis, functional …

Importance Postoperative ileus is common after abdominal surgery, and small clinical
studies have reported that intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine may be …

Opioid analgesics are the mainstay in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain, yet their use
is frequently associated with adverse effects, the most common and debilitating being …

The existence of a bidirectional communication system termed the “gut-brain axis” linking
the gastrointestinal tract with the brain has been recognized since the nineteenth century. In …