Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous with regard to prevalence, manifestations, and
pathogenesis. The classification of autoimmune diseases has varied over time. Here, we …

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is usually unilateral and can be associated with tinnitus
and vertigo. In most cases the cause is not identified, although various infective, vascular …

This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) by the
Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. The diagnosis of BVP is based on the …

Immune‐mediated inner ear disease can be primary, when the autoimmune response is
against the inner ear, or secondary. The latter is characterized by the involvement of the ear …

OBJECTIVES: The objective of our study was to review our current knowledge of the
aetiopathogenesis of Cogan's syndrome, including viral infection and autoimmunity, and to …

The prevalence of autoimmune diseases has been increasing over the last 20 years. The
clinical presentation of this large and heterogeneous group of disorders depends on …

Introduction Several authors have demonstrated the relationship between sudden
sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) …

The leading symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) are postural imbalance and
unsteadiness of gait that worsens in darkness and on uneven ground. There are typically no …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or sicca syndrome was described by Swedish ophthalmologist
Sjögren in the year 1933 for the first time. The etiology of the SS is multifunctional and …

Background Cogan syndrome is mainly treated with steroids. We aimed to determine the
place of DMARDs and biologic-targeted treatments. Patients and methods We conducted a …