The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due
to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point …

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise and has quickly become one of the
most prevalent and costly chronic diseases worldwide. A close link exists between DM and …

Metabolic pathways integrate to support tissue homeostasis and to prompt changes in cell
phenotype. In particular, the heart consumes relatively large amounts of substrate not only to …

Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality in persons with diabetes,
and many factors, including hypertension, contribute to this high prevalence of CVD …

The heart is a highly structured organ consisting of different cell types, including myocytes,
endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and inflammatory cells. This pluricellularity provides …

INSULIN RESISTANCE describes an impaired biological response to insulin (1–4). In the
early states of insulin resistance there is a compensatory increase in insulin concentrations …

Background—MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small conserved RNA molecules of 22
nucleotides that negatively modulate gene expression primarily through base paring to the …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was considered a potential candidate for the treatment of
heart failure. However, some animal studies and clinical trials have questioned whether …

We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing insulin-like growth
factor (IGF)-1 showed improved survival and engraftment in the infarcted heart and …