Adipose tissue, colloquially known as" fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous
organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Brown and beige adipocytes are mitochondria-enriched cells capable of dissipating energy
in the form of heat. These thermogenic fat cells were originally considered to function solely …

Abstract γδ T cells are a unique T cell subpopulation that are rare in secondary lymphoid
organs but enriched in many peripheral tissues, such as the skin, intestines and lungs. By …

Adipose tissue exhibits remarkable plasticity with capacity to change in size and cellular
composition under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The emergence of …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development,
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains …

Obesity usually is accompanied by inflammation of fat tissue, with a prominent role of
visceral fat. Chronic inflammation in obese fat tissue is of a lower grade than acute immune …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-17a has been highly conserved during evolution of the vertebrate
immune system and widely studied in contexts of infection and autoimmunity. Studies …

Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance, and the current obesity epidemic is
driving a parallel rise in the incidence of T2DM. It is now widely recognized that chronic …

The worldwide incidence of obesity and its sequelae, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, have
reached pandemic levels. Central to the development of these metabolic disorders is …