Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), initially known for its tumor cytotoxicity, is a potent
mediator of inflammation, as well as many normal physiological functions in homeostasis …

Stress-induced immunological reactions to exercise have stimulated much research into
stress immunology and neuroimmunology. It is suggested that exercise can be employed as …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a glial-cell-related factor, was measured for the first time in
the brain (striatum) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from control and parkinsonian patients by …

Systemic infection and drugs with anticholinergic effects are well-recognised and prevalent
risk factors for delirium in elderly people. Experimental findings and neuropathological …

Inflammation is emerging as a critical mechanism underlying neurological disorders of
various etiologies, yet its role in altering brain function as a consequence of neuroinfectious …

Background and Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that
rapidly upregulates in the brain after injury. The present study was designed to explore the …

The production by monocytes of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1
beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in intensive care unit …

TUMOUR necrosis factor (TNF), jointly referring to TNF α and TNF β, is a central mediator of
immune and inflammatory responses; its activities are mediated by two distinct receptors …

The complement system consists of both plasma and membrane proteins. The former
influence the inflammatory response, immune modulation, and host defense. The latter are …

Virus infections induce a proinflammatory response including expression of cytokines and
chemokines. The subsequent leukocyte recruitment and antiviral effector functions …