Rationale Acute cocaine administration produces an initial rewarding state followed by a
dysphoric/anxiogenic “crash.” Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether …

Using an olfactory conditioning procedure, brain stimulation reward threshold
measurements, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain …

Rationale Rats develop preferences for places associated with the immediate rewarding
effects of cocaine and aversions for places paired with the drug's delayed negative effects …

目前, 随着我国生育高峰的到来, 接受腰麻一硬膜外联合麻醉的初产妇呈上升趋势.
初产妇麻醉过程中普遍出现较为严重的恐惧情绪. 因此有必要采取有效的护理方式对该类产妇 …

Background This commentary discusses the important contributions of the article in this
issue by Matson and colleagues entitled “Selectively bred crossed high‐alcohol‐preferring …

A motivational deficit (the loss of pleasure or interest in previously rewarding stimuli) is one
of the core symptoms of major depression, and valid models evaluating the motivational …

Self-administration of cocaine is known to have both positive/euphoric and
negative/anxiogenic effects. Although extensive research has been done on the rewarding …

Reactivity to drug-paired cues is associated with increased severity of addiction and
propensity to relapse (Jasinska et al., 2014). Consequently, animal models of addiction …