Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

It is well established that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps encoded by bacteria can confer
clinically relevant resistance to antibiotics. It is now understood that these efflux pumps also …

Bacteria with two cell membranes (diderms) have evolved complex systems for protein
secretion. These systems were extensively studied in some model bacteria, but the …

▪ Abstract Bacteria produce and secrete lipases, which can catalyze both the hydrolysis and
the synthesis of long-chain acylglycerols. These reactions usually proceed with high …

We report the complete genome sequence of the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas
syringae pathovar tomato DC3000 (DC3000), which is pathogenic on tomato and …

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane layer which constrains uptake and
secretion of solutes and polypeptides. To overcome this barrier, bacteria have developed …

Pathogenic microorganisms have to face hostile environments while colonizing and
infecting their hosts. Unfortunately, they can cope with it and have evolved a number of …

SUMMARY A comprehensive classification system for transmembrane molecular
transporters has been developed and recently approved by the transport panel of the …

▪ Abstract ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters couple ATP hydrolysis to the uptake and
efflux of solutes across the cell membrane in bacteria and eukaryotic cells. In bacteria, these …

The secretory production of recombinant proteins by the Gram-negative bacterium
Escherichia coli has several advantages over intracellular production as inclusion bodies. In …