Human pathogenic fungi pose a serious threat to human health and safety. Unfortunately,
the limited number of antifungal options is exacerbated by the continuous emergence of …

To fight antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we must recognize and target all its manifestations.
In this review, we briefly summarize the history that led to recognition of the various …

Internalization of pathogenic bacteria by macrophages results in formation of antibiotic-
tolerant persisters. These cells are maintained in a non-growing state for extended periods …

Phenotypic variation is the phenomenon in which clonal cells display different traits even
under identical environmental conditions. This plasticity is thought to be important for …

Genetically susceptible bacteria can escape the action of bactericidal antibiotics through
antibiotic tolerance or persistence. However, one major difference between the two …

Recalcitrant infections pose a serious challenge by prolonging antibiotic therapies and
contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance, thereby threatening the successful …

Understanding evolution of antibiotic resistance is vital for containing its global spread. Yet
our ability to in situ track highly heterogeneous and dynamic evolution is very limited. Here …

Antibiotic persistence, or the ability of small subsets of bacteria to survive prolonged
antibiotic treatment, is an underappreciated cause of antibiotic treatment failure. Over the …

Non-genetic factors can cause significant fluctuations in gene expression levels. Regardless
of growing in a stable environment, this fluctuation leads to cell-to-cell variability in an …

Tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics contributes to the long duration of
tuberculosis (TB) treatment and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. M. tuberculosis …