As new scientific evidence on health effects of air pollution is generated, air quality
guidelines need to be periodically updated. The objective of this review is to support the …

Background WHO has published several volumes of Global Air Quality Guidelines to provide
guidance on the health risks associated with exposure to outdoor air pollution. As new …

Background Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with
premature mortality, but associations at concentrations lower than current annual limit …

Ozone (O 3) is an important trace and greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, posing a threat to
the ecological environment and human health at the ground level. Large-scale and long …

Air pollution is well recognized as a major risk factor for chronic non-communicable
diseases and has been estimated to contribute more to global morbidity and mortality than …

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released into the
atmosphere can react in the presence of solar irradiation, leading to ozone formation in the …

Background The evidence for a causal relationship between long-term ozone exposure and
cardiovascular mortality is inconclusive, and most published data are from high-income …

Since 2013, clean-air actions in China have reduced ambient concentrations of PM2. 5.
However, recent studies suggest that ground surface O3 concentrations increased over the …

There is considerable epidemiological evidence indicating that air pollution has adverse
effects on human health and is closely related to respiratory diseases, including chronic …

Globally, more people die from cardiovascular disease than any other cause. Climate
change, through amplified environmental exposures, will promote and contribute to many …