Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated degenerative disease that affects whole joint tissue.
Currently, apart from surgical approaches to treat late stage OA, effective treatments to …

Cell dedifferentiation is the process by which cells grow reversely from a partially or
terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage. This …

Endochondral ossification is initiated by the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells to
chondrocytes (chondrogenesis). This process is characterized by a strong interdependence …

Several determinants of aging, including metabolic capacity and genetic stability, are
recognized in both yeast and humans. However, many aspects of the pathways leading to …

Cartilage injury remains a major challenge in orthopedic surgery due to the fact that articular
cartilage has only a limited capacity for intrinsic healing. Cartilage impaction is followed by a …

For many years, programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, was attributed exclusively to
nucleated cells. Currently, however, apoptosis is also well-documented in anucleate …

Achieving an understanding of how apoptosis/PCD (programmed cell death) is integrated
within cellular responses to environmental and intracellular signals is a daunting task. From …

Pollen-pistil interactions are critical early events regulating pollination and fertilization. Self-
incompatibility (SI) is an important mechanism to prevent self-fertilization and inbreeding in …

Self-incompatibility (SI) prevents inbreeding through specific recognition and rejection of
incompatible pollen. In incompatible Papaver rhoeas pollen, SI triggers a Ca2+ signaling …

Programmed cell death (PCD) depicts a genetically encoded and an orderly mode of
cellular mortality. When triggered by internal or external stimuli, cells initiate PCDs through …