The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis, a
balance in internal environment (temperature, mood, and immune system) and energy input …

Abstract Background Both Chili pepper (CP) and Sichuan pepper (SP) have long been used
for culinary purposes throughout Asia. It is well known CP and SP are well accompanied in …

The year 2020 became the year of the outbreak of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which
escalated into a worldwide pandemic and continued into 2021. One of the unique symptoms …

Taste and smell play a key role in our ability to perceive foods. Overconsumption of highly
palatable energy-dense foods can lead to increased caloric intake and obesity. Thus there is …

Crystal structures activate innate immune cells, especially macrophages and initiate
inflammatory responses. We aimed to understand the role of the mechanosensitive TRPV4 …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large group of ion channels that control
many physiological functions in our body. These channels are considered potential …

The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily belongs to the TRP cation
channels family. Since the first cloning of TRPM1 in 1989, tremendous progress has been …

Ginger has been widely used for different purposes, such as condiment, functional food,
drugs, and cosmetics. Gingerols, the main pungent component in ginger, possess a variety …

In addition to the sense of taste and olfaction, chemesthesis, the sensation of irritation,
pungency, cooling, warmth, or burning elicited by spices and herbs, plays a central role in …

Since antiquity, the sense of smell (olfaction) is considered as a distance sense, just like
sight and hearing. Conversely, the sense of taste (gustation) is thought to operate by direct …